機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語考試試題庫：機(jī)械專業(yè)英漢互譯精選題庫（英譯漢部分 2024版）

1、A force is a push or pull. The effect of a force either changes the shape or motion of a body or prevents other forces from making such changes. Every force produces a stress in the part on which it is applied. Forces may be produced by an individual using muscular(action) or by machines with mechanical motion.

2、力可以是推力或是拉力。力量可以改變一個(gè)物體的形狀或運(yùn)動(dòng)，或者阻止其他力量造成這種改變。每種力量在其使用的部位都會(huì)產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力；力量可以由人通過肌肉的活動(dòng)或者是機(jī)器的機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生。

3、Forces are produced by physical or(chemical) change, gravity, or changes in motion. When a force is applied which tends to stretch an object, it is called a tensile force. A part experiencing a tensile force is said to be in tension. A force can also be applied which tends to shorten or squeeze the object. Such a force is a compressive force.

4、物理或化學(xué)變化，引力或運(yùn)動(dòng)中的變化都可產(chǎn)生力量。當(dāng)力量的使用趨向于伸展某個(gè)物體時(shí)，這被稱作拉伸力，而受拉伸力的部位稱為受拉或張力。力量也能縮短或壓榨物體，這種力量稱為壓縮力。

5、A third force is known as a(torsion) force, or a torque since it tends to twist an object. Still another kind of force, which seems to make the layers or molecules of a material slide or slip on one another, is a shearing force.

6、第三種力量稱為扭力或轉(zhuǎn)矩，因?yàn)樗呄蛴谂で矬w。還有一種力量稱為剪力，它似乎能使材料的內(nèi)層間或分子相互滑行或滑落。

7、Each of these forces may act independently or in combination. For example, a downward force applied on a vertical steel beam tends to compress the beam,. If this beam is placed in a(horizontal) position and a load is applied in the middle, the bottom of the beam tends to stretch and is in tension. At the same time, the top area is being pushed together in compression. If the compressive and tensile forces are great enough to make the layers of the material slide upon each other, a shearing force results.

8、這些力量可以單獨(dú)或組合產(chǎn)生作用。例如：在垂直的鋼梁上向下著力，這趨向于壓縮鋼梁；如果鋼梁是處于水平位置，并在其中間部位施加壓力，鋼梁底部趨向伸展，呈受拉狀態(tài)。梁的上面部位受壓縮被推擠在一起。如果壓縮力和拉伸力足夠強(qiáng)大，促使材料內(nèi)層間相互滑行，這就形成剪力。

9、【注：原文有幾個(gè)用刮弧標(biāo)出的錯(cuò)字已被糾正?！?/p>

二、求人類翻譯 機(jī)械工程專業(yè)英語

wear can be defied as the progressive loss of material from the operating surface of a body occurring as a result of relative motion at the surface.the problem of wear arises wherever there are load and motion between surfaces,and is therefore important in engineering practice,often being they major factor governing the life and performance of machine components.the major types of weare are described next:

磨損是相應(yīng)作用因素使物體作用面的材料逐漸損失的過程。只要兩作用面間有載荷及位移就會(huì)引起磨損，它是工程實(shí)踐中影響設(shè)備壽命及性能的重要因素。磨損有以下幾種形式：

when two surfaces are loaded against each other,the whole of the contact load is carried on very small area of the asperity contacts,the real contact pressure at these asperities is very high,and adhesion takes place between them.if a tangential force is applied to the model shown in Fig.16.1,shearing can take place either(a) at the interface or(b) below or above the interface,causing adhesive wear.because of factors such as strain hardening at the asperity contact,the adhesive bonds often are stronger than the base metals,thus,during sliding,fracture usually occurs in the weaker or softer component,and a wear fragment is generated.although this fragment is attach to the harder component(upper surface in Fig.16.1c),it eventually becomes detached during further rubbing at the interface and develops into a loose wear particle.

當(dāng)很大的作用力作用在很小的粗糙作用面時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生很高的接觸壓力，從而導(dǎo)致兩作用面產(chǎn)生粘著磨損。如果在圖16.1的模型中施加切向力，切應(yīng)力會(huì)發(fā)生在（a）接觸面內(nèi)或（b）接觸面下方或接觸面上方，從而引起粘著磨損。因?yàn)橛懈鞣N因素如“變形硬化”，使得的粘著力強(qiáng)于基材，所以較軟的零件基材會(huì)在相互滑動(dòng)時(shí)發(fā)生斷裂，產(chǎn)生磨損碎片。雖然碎片粘著與較硬的材料（圖16.1c中的上表面），在其后的摩擦中會(huì)掉落在作用面上并形成磨粒。腐蝕磨損也被稱作氧化或化學(xué)磨損，這種磨損的產(chǎn)生是由于物體表面磨粒產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)或電化學(xué)反應(yīng)。當(dāng)耐磨層在摩擦過程中被破壞時(shí)，下一層繼續(xù)被摧毀，這個(gè)過程會(huì)不斷重復(fù)。

疲勞磨損則是由于物體表面受到循環(huán)載荷的影響。例如，在軸承的滾動(dòng)接觸中，磨粒通常通過碎裂或凹陷形成。另一種形式的疲勞磨損是熱疲勞，其中物體表面的裂紋由熱循環(huán)中的熱應(yīng)力產(chǎn)生，如低溫鍛造模具反復(fù)接觸熱工件。這些裂紋隨后連接，表面開始剝落，從而產(chǎn)生疲勞磨損。

（注：磨損包括五種類型：粘著磨損、磨削磨損、腐蝕磨損、疲勞磨損以及其他。以上未提及磨削磨損。）

接下來我們探討“專接本”考試的內(nèi)容。

專接本的考試內(nèi)容主要包括公共課和專業(yè)課兩部分。

公共課考試分為文史、醫(yī)學(xué)、理工、經(jīng)管、農(nóng)學(xué)、藝術(shù)、體育、外語八類。例如，文史、醫(yī)學(xué)類專業(yè)考政治和英語；理工類專業(yè)考高等數(shù)學(xué)(一)、英語等。英語、高等數(shù)學(xué)、政治各科滿分100分，考試時(shí)間60分鐘。

專業(yè)課考試則包括專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課和專業(yè)綜合課。文史、醫(yī)學(xué)、理工、經(jīng)管、農(nóng)學(xué)類專業(yè)課滿分300分，外語、藝術(shù)、體育類專業(yè)課滿分240分。

專接本的理工類專業(yè)包含：材料成型及控制工程、測(cè)繪工程等。財(cái)經(jīng)類和管理類專業(yè)包含：保險(xiǎn)學(xué)、國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易等。文史類專業(yè)包含：法學(xué)、廣播電視學(xué)等。外語類專接本專業(yè)包含：英語、商務(wù)英語等。

高等數(shù)學(xué)(一)和高等數(shù)學(xué)(二)的考試形式為閉卷筆試，全卷滿分100分，考試時(shí)間為60分鐘。試卷包含選擇題、填空題、計(jì)算題和應(yīng)用題。其中選擇題和填空題主要測(cè)試基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和直接填寫結(jié)果的能力，計(jì)算題和應(yīng)用題則需要考生寫出文字說明及演算步驟。

英語考試的格式也是閉卷筆試，主要測(cè)試考生對(duì)基本知識(shí)的掌握情況，以及分析問題、解決問題的能力?？荚囉烧Z音、情景對(duì)話、閱讀理解、完形填空和寫作五個(gè)部分組成，滿分100分，考試時(shí)間為60分鐘。

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